Types of emulsifying agents slideshare. Emulsifying Agents Jan 1, 2019 · 7.
Types of emulsifying agents slideshare. html>srzmxwakp
d)By changing the emulsifying agent. Polysorbate 20 3. Nov 2, 2023 · Colloidal solutions are heterogeneous mixtures with particle sizes between 1-1000 nm that scatter light but do not separate upon standing. Examples of Emulsifying agent 1. Improvement of solubility and bioavailability . For external use, both ionic and non-ionic emulsifying agents are employed. • Another guiding principle is the Bancroft rule, which suggest the nature of the emulsifying agent for each emulsion. All emulsifying agents aggregate at and are adsorbed onto the oil: water interface to give a defensive obstruction around the scattered droplets. Emulsifying agents also called emulsifiers are substances comprising both oil-soluble hydrophobic (nonpolar) and water- soluble hydrophilic (polar) portions that act as a stabilizer of the droplets (globules) of the internal phase of an emulsion. 1N hydrochloric acid) under continuous stirring (50 rpm) on magnetic hot plate at appropriate temperature, and the increase in turbidity is measured, by using a turbidimeter However, since the Sep 1, 2016 · This document defines and compares different types of emulsions including multiple emulsions, microemulsions, nanoemulsions, and nanosuspensions. For example, a little soap will stabilize an emulsion of kerosene in water. , continuous phase) in which it is immiscible using an emulsifying agent. Aug 3, 2013 · 3. When kept for longer periods of time or in case of absence of an emulsifying agent, the phases in the emulsion tend to separate, resulting in “cracking of emulsion” or ” phase inversion”. Maintaining the drug in an emulsified dosage form by using the emulsifying agents includes May 23, 2018 · 2. Preparation involves making a primary emulsion of the internal and external phases with an emulsifying agent, then diluting. Emulgents with higher numbers (8-18) indicates hydrophilic properties and produces o/w type We’ve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. Removing grease and dirt. Physical factors: •Addition of opposite type of emulsifying agent emulsifying agent: By adding of o/w type of emulsifying agent to a w/o type of emulsion, the emulsion separates into two phases. (Emulsifying agent) 25. Types of emulsifying agents: Sep 15, 2020 · One single emulsifying agent has not posses all required properties to formulate stable emulsion. 5% suspension of bentonite is used as a emulsifying agent. Jul 20, 2014 · Classification Of Emulsifying Agents… • 3- Synthetic emulsifying agents as: A- Anionic emulsifying agents • Alkali soap: • e. It defines emulsions as unstable systems where one liquid is dispersed as globules in another liquid stabilized by emulsifying agents. Prepared by simple mixing of equal volumes of oil and lime water. Thesubstance which is used in the emulsion to stabilize it by increasingits kinetic energyis called anemulsifying agent. All emulsifying agents get adsorbed at the Oil : Water interface to provide a protective barrier around the dispersed droplets. Sep 28, 2020 · Selection of emulsifying agent • An ideal emulsifying agent should posses the following characteristics: • It should be able to reduce the interfacial tension between the two immiscible liquids. Emulsifying agents like surfactants, hydrocolloids, and solid particles form protective films around droplets and increase viscosity to prevent coalescence. Emulsifying agent has both polar and non polar types of portion which are soluble in two phases and are wetted by both liquid phases. The emulsion is separated into two phases. Nov 8, 2019 · 2. Nov 7, 2019 · Emulsifying Agent: Emulsions are stabilized by adding an emulsifying agent. 13. These surfactants promote the stability of the emulsion by forming films around the water drops in water/oil interfaces. Classification of Emulsifying agents Jan 21, 2014 · 22. The document outlines the formulation of suppositories including ideal properties of bases, examples of hydrophilic and lipophilic bases, and other additives like antioxidants and emulsifying agents. 12. Acacia 2. For O/W oil is added to the bentonite suspension. Griffin devised a useful method for calculating balanced mixtures of emulsifying agents to provide a particular type of emulsion . Mar 22, 2018 · 5. , o/w emulsion changes into w/o type and vice versa. Thickening AgentsThickening Agents 5. Polar emulsifying agents are also classified into ionic and nonionic types. Paraffins, resins, organic acids, metallic salts, colloidal silts and clay, and asphaltenes (a general term for material with chemical compositions containing sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen) are common emulsifiers in oil fields. Dec 9, 2023 · 1. These emulsifiers make the protective sheath around the droplets, give droplets a charge so that they repel each other and swell to step-up the viscosity of the liquid. The ideal emulsifying agent is colourless, odourless, tasteless, non- toxic, non-irritant and able to produce stable emulsions at low concentrations. Sep 30, 2014 · Common types include W/O/W and O/W/O emulsions. Combination of E. Acacia, Glyceryl monosterate, Tragacanth, etc. The two main types are oil-in-water and water-in-oil emulsions. 1. Aug 21, 2022 · 3. The type of emulsion (O / W or W / O) is affected by: • the ratio of the oil to water (non-polar to polar) phase; • the chemical properties and the concentration of the emulsification agent; • the temperature; the presence of additives; • for solid particles as the stabilizing agents (Pickering emulsions) the wetting conditions (contact angles of the oil and water phases on the Oct 2, 2013 · Examples includes preservatives. 6. Theories of emulsification Several theories have been proposed to explain how emulsifying agents act in producing the multi-phase dispersion and in maintaining the stability of the resulting emulsion The most prevalent theories are the surface-tension theory the oriented-wedge theory, and the interfacial film theory In reality, none of the emulsion theories can individually explain the Oct 1, 2022 · . Dec 12, 2019 · 10. sodium, potassium and ammonium salts of fatty acids • Form o/w emulsions • in acidic condition precipitated • incompatible with polyvalent cations. However, it is a weak emulsifying agent. vanishing cream. Chemical constituents :- The camellia sinesis leaf extract consist of Flavonols and Jul 7, 2021 · An emulsifying agent is any material that enhances the stability of an emulsion (i. monovalent soap + divalent soap 2-chemical or microbial decomposition of emulsifying agent: e. • But bentonite used either O/W or W/O type of emulsion. Stability of Emulsion . milk, or water-in-oil (w/o) in which case small water droplets are dispersed through oil, e. Stability issues include creaming, cracking, and phase inversion. Remedy:-To overcome this type of incompatibility emulsification is necessary with the help of an emulsifying agent. SURFACTANTS Surfactants Substance having both hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions in their molecular structures are called surface active agents or surfactants. Jun 5, 2023 · Emulsifying agents. Therefore, tragacanth is also included in the formulation to form a stable emulsion. preferred for internal use as bitter taste of oils can be masked. 2) Gum acacia: It is a dried gum exudate obtained from branches of Acacia Arabica tree. • Charge Production: The emulsifier must form charges on the surface of the globules. Fischer states the emulsifying agent, by which a permanent emulsion is obtained, "proves to be a hydrophilic colloid when water and oil emulsions are concerned. These agents have both a hydrophilic and a lipophilic part in their substance structure. Is plant derived / vegetal-based and biodegradable. The phase in which it is soluble becomes the continuous phase. • The emulsifying agents can be ionic, non-ionic or zwitterionic surfactants and proteins or amphiphilic polymers. The ideal emulsifying agent is colorless, odorless, tasteless, nontoxic, non-irritant and able to produce stable emulsions at low concentrations. Jan 2, 2016 · 2. Itmaybe due to following reasons:- a)By the addition of an electrolyte. 6 Type and Concentration of Emulsifying Agents Emulsifying agents are the substances that reduce the interfacial tension between oil phase and aqueous phase, thus resulting in the formation of stable emulsions. glyceryl monostearate, are w/o emulsifying agents and therefore their emulsifying and water absorbing capacities are good. Read less Jul 4, 2024 · 6. OR • Emulsion is a dispersion in which the dispersed phase is composed of small globules of a liquid distributed throughout a vehicle in which it is immiscible and stabilized by emulsifying agent . e. butter. • Surface Activity: It should have the ability to reduce the surface tension to less than 10 dyne/cm. g. Multiple emulsions can prolong the release of active ingredients and have applications in controlled drug delivery, targeted delivery, and more. These are substances of widely different chemical nature. , dispersed phase or discontinuous phase) is distributed homogeneously throughout a liquid vehicle (i. An emulsion is an unstable system consisting of two immiscible liquid phases, one dispersed as globules in the other stabilized by an emulsifying agent. • 5% suspension of bentonite is used as a emulsifying agent. Emulsifiers are also knownas emulsifying agents or emulgent. This results in the preservation of the droplet size over time, thereby promoting the stabilization of the emulsion. used externally to provide cooling effect e. 7. Apr 2, 2015 · 6. Write down the innovation in pharmaceutical excipients. Common emulsifying agents lower the surface tension between the two liquids to promote emulsion formation. Dec 13, 2015 · 6. Sep 23, 2014 · 25. Oct 10, 2018 · This is an unstable emulsion. In this case, these thickening or gelling agents act via viscosity enhancement or gel formation of the continuous phase, thus restricting the droplets movement. They produce O/W type of emulsions. Emulsifying agents that contain mostly polar groups bind to water and therefore produce o/w emulsions, whereas nonpolar agents are adsorbed to oils to produce w/o emulsions. Mechanism of emulsifying agent: Mechanism of action of emulsifying agents depends upon the formation of film they form at the interface of two phases. Emulsions Suspensions These are biphasic liquid preparations containing two immiscible liquids one of which is dispersed as minute globules into the other These are biphasic liquid dosage form of medicament in which finely divided solid particles are dispersed in a liquid Globule size of the dispersed liquid is in the range of 0. Synthetic surfactants. Types of Emulsifiers Naturally occurring surface-active materials normally found in crude oil . Jul 24, 2018 · Commonly referred to as green tea extract. Read less Pectin- 1% mucilage is used E. , glyceryl monostearate) serve to stabilize emulsions through their ability to thicken the emulsion. • An ideal emulsifying agent has the following properties. These agents surrounds the oil droplets in water and reduces the tension between the two liquids thus impart stability. Pharm, VU 2 Pharmaceutical Excipients Q. 3. Emulsifying agents that are semi-synthetic: For example, methylcellulose and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. Fixed quantity of Self emulsifying system is added to fixed quantity of suitable medium (0. It then discusses the internal and external phases of emulsions, types of emulsions based on dispersed phase and size, advantages and disadvantages, identification tests, emulsifying agents, theories of emulsification, and factors that contribute to emulsion stability like interfacial tension. A hydrophilic emulsifying agent is included in the aqueous phase in order to obtain stable oil-in-water dispersion. Naturally occurring emulsifying agents. By the addition of an electrolyte By changing the phase-volume ratio By temperature change By changing the emulsifying agent o The phase inversion can be minimised by keeping Jul 31, 2009 · An emulsion is an unstable mixture of two immiscible liquids stabilized by an emulsifying agent. Apr 23, 2017 · The emulsifying agents reduce the interfacial tensions between two phase i. In the first method, the emulsifying agent (usually acacia) is mixed with the oil before the addition of water, that is, dry gum. The functions of these ingredients include: antifungal agent; antimicrobial agent; antioxidant; cosmetic astringent; skin protectant; skin-conditioning agent – emollient; skin-conditioning agent, anti-ageing agent. Example : Olive Oil + Oleic acid E) In-situ soap method Jul 7, 2021 · An emulsifying agent is any material that enhances the stability of an emulsion (i. The ideal emulsifying agent is colourless, odourless, tasteless, non toxic, non-irritant and able to produce stable emulsions at low concentrations. A dry porcelain mortar with rough inner surface is used to prepare emulsion with fine globule size. It provides examples of commonly used additives and their purposes. Jun 12, 2022 · 3. For W/O oil is placed in the container Oct 4, 2012 · The main types include rectal, urethral, vaginal, and nasal suppositories, which vary in shape, weight and intended cavity. Emulsifying Agents Jan 1, 2019 · 7. Sep 7, 2015 · They have been the main painting substance for decades and still are excellent budget painting solutions. They usually contain a proportion of partial glycerides some of which e. Finely divided solids Jan 8, 2018 · The two main types are oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions, with water as the continuous phase, and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, with oil as the continuous phase. It explains that emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids stabilized by an emulsifying agent, while microemulsions are more thermodynamically stable with smaller droplet sizes. Irish moss- Used as a thickening agent 3% solution is generally used. Jul 10, 2021 · This document discusses emulsions. Jun 6, 2019 · MECHANICALADDITION: Water- removable creams are basically hydrophilic type emulsions. Protection against biodegradation. Even the distempers now used are more varied and have special properties. In this method, the emulsifying agent is mixed 4 days ago · These are anhydrous bases that contain oil-in-water emulsifying agents, which make them miscible with water and therefore washable and easily removed after use. The phase volume ratio i. May 19, 2016 · 2. g addition of ammonia or methylated spirit to water for washing ) Emulsifying the grease and holding 6. Arrowroot – similar toArrowroot – similar to cornstarch but results in acornstarch but results in a clearer sauce and is moreclearer sauce and is more expensiveexpensive 6. Irrespective of their chemical nature, they tend to concentrate at the interface and form a tough film around the globules. Read less Dec 2, 2017 · 2. It provides details on emulsions, including the theories of emulsification, methods to determine emulsion type, emulsifying agents, and emulsion stability. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN O/W AND W/O EMULSIONS: (o/w) (w/o) Water is the dispersion medium and oil is the dispersed phase. It acts as an emulsifying & suspending agent. Apr 11, 2020 · • Selection of emulsifying agent is based on the intended use. ANIONICS: • Widely used for emulsification purposes especially in the formulation of hand creams and lotions. oil-in-water, water-in-oil) depends on the relative solubility of the emulsifying agent. Nov 4, 2020 · • To determine the type of emulsifying agent refer to the HLB requirements of the internal phase of the formulation. Emulsions require emulsifying agents to reduce interfacial tension and allow formation. • If HLB is not known, a series of emulsions using a mixture of surface- active agents is to be prepared. Apr 26, 2024 · 14. alkali soap decompose by acid. May 3, 2023 · It also covers emulsion components, applications in pharmaceuticals, formulation, identification of emulsion type, selection of emulsifying agents, mechanisms of action, and factors affecting stability. Drug permeability through skin The stratum corneum (outermost epidermal layer of skin) is the major permeability barrier to external substances, and is regarded as the rate-limiting factor in the penetration of therapeutic agents through the skin. Auxiliary Emulsifying Agents A variety of fatty acids (e. an emulsifying agent must be added to the system. The substance exerts an effect on the interface, leading to an increase in the kinetic stability of an emulsion. , stearyl or cetyl alcohol), and fatty esters (e. Emulsions are balanced out by including an emulsifier or emulsifying agents. Colors approved by the food Drug and cosmetic act are used as Coloring Agent. Oil is the dispersion medium and water is the Aug 11, 2015 · Emulsions require an emulsifying agent to help disperse one liquid into small globules within the other liquid and maintain stability. Immiscibility:-Immiscibility of two or more liquids Causes: -In this prescription castor oil is immiscible with water due to high interfacial tensions, which is a sign of incompatibility. Milk is an emulsion of butterfat in water, with the protein casein as the emulsifying agent. Apr 16, 2024 · 2. Aug 8, 2022 · •Alcohols: Alcohol precipitates the gum & the protein emulsifying agent. I. Apr 29, 2023 · 48. • one phase persists in droplet form called internal or discontinuous or disperse phase They prevent droplets from coalescing and keep the phases apart. Emulsifying agents • They are very important for the stability of emulsions. Sep 9, 2019 · Emulsifying agents The emulsifying agents reduce the interfacial tension between two phases i. Aug 13, 2020 · Formulation of Emulsion: Selection of Emulsifying agents (emulsifiers): • An emulsifying agent is any material that enhances the stability of an emulsion (i. The emulsifying agent, often a protein or a phospholipid, reduces the surface tension between the liquids, making it easier to combine them. Emulsifying Agents. Mar 11, 2022 · Some examples of emulsifiers are lecithin, soy lecithin, diacetyl tartaric acid, ester of monoglyceride, Mustard, sodium stearoyl lactylate, and sodium phosphates. For internal use, non-ionic and water- soluble emulsifying agents are chosen. 4. Surfactants having HLB value 8-16 form o/w emulsion 3-8 Aug 7, 2017 · The document discusses emulsions, which are unstable mixtures of two immiscible liquids stabilized by an emulsifying agent. Jun 28, 2020 · EMULSIFYING AGENTS An emulsifying agent is any material that enhances the stability of an emulsion Mainly 3 types Surfactants- Eg: SLS, Cetrimide Hydrocolloids- Eg: Acacia, Tragacanth Finely divided solids- Eg : Bentonite 6 Nov 5, 2021 · Emulsifying agents are also known as ‘emulgents’ or ‘emulsifiers’ . Emulsions An emulsion may be oil-in-water (o/w) in which case small oil droplets are dispersed through water, e. Turbidimetric Evaluation 25 Nepheloturbidimetric evaluation is done to monitor the growth of emulsification. , stearic acid), fatty alcohols (e. A variety of emulsifying agents are used, each probably act by different mechanisms. • one phase persists in droplet form called internal or discontinuous or disperse phase Jan 20, 2021 · Various inorganic emulsifying agents are used such as milk of magnesia, magnesium oxide, bentonite etc. Feb 19, 2024 · 3. Jul 11, 2020 · Phase inversion Phase inversion means the change of one type of emulsion into other type, that is oil in water emulsion changes into water in oil type and vice-versa. Liquid emulsions can be used either orally, topically, or parenterally, depending on the contents and the intended application. Semi Synthetic and Natural Surface Active Agents • Also known as Hydrocolloid Emulsifying agents • Provide a protective sheath (Multi-molecular films )around the droplets • Impart a charge to the dispersed droplets ( so that they repel each other • Swell to increase the viscosity of the system ( so that droplets are less likely to Sep 8, 2015 · Emulsion definition, types, characteristics, preparation, emulsifying agents, Identification tests, advantages, disadvantages and pharmaceutical application. Multiple emulsions contain both water-in-oil and oil-in-water emulsions. Dec 16, 2019 · PHYSICAL INCOMPATIBILITIES:- B. The document defines emulsions and describes different types including oil-in-water, water-in-oil, multiple, and microemulsions. Mar 10, 2013 · The document discusses various types of food additives including preservatives, flavouring agents, colouring agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers and thickeners, nutrients, and antioxidants. DEFINATION : • Emulsion is thermodynamically unstable mixture of two essentially immiscible liquids . , oily phase and aqueous phase and thus make them miscible with each other and form a stable emulsion. • It should be physically and chemically stable , inert and compatible with the other ingredients of the formulation. Sep 17, 2018 · MULTIMOLECULAR ADSORPTION The emulsifying agents such as acacia and gelatin, tend to form a multimolecular film around the globules and prevents the instability, mainly coalescence. AUXILIARY EMULSIFYING AGENTS A variety of fatty acids (e. , oily phase and aqueous phase and thus make them miscible with each other and form a stable emulsion Read less Apr 29, 2019 · Secondary emulsions contain two internal phases, such as oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) or water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W), which can be used to delay drug release or increase stability. Maintaining the drug in a suspension dosage form by using the suspending agents includes polymers and surface active agents. Calcium salts of free fatty acids is used as emulsifying agent. The emulsifying agent places itself at the interface between the phases and stabilizes the emulsion. Nov 23, 2022 · They can be oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions depending on the dispersed and continuous phases. Feb 2, 2017 · 8. • Practically a mixture of different surface-active agents is used and calculated on the basis of HLB. c)By temperature change. The type of emulsion produced depends on whether the agent is more soluble in oil or water. The main types are oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions. According to Bancroft rule, the phase in which emulsifying agent is more soluble results in Apr 19, 2023 · Emulsifiers allow even distribution of sunscreen agents, providing adequate sun protection. • The polar group is often an ammonium, carboxylate, sulfate, or sulfonate group. Dec 14, 2021 · 12/14/2021 KC PANIGRAHI 11 Cracking of emulsion can be due to: 1-addition of an incompatible emulsifying agent: e. These agents have both a hydrophilic and Lipophilic part in their chemical structure. Shamiul Bashar 1st Batch B. Polysorbate 60 4. PHASE INVERSION:- Phase inversion means change of one type of emulsion into the other type i. SUSPENDING AGENTS Suspending agents also called thickening agents are used to stabilize suspensions are hydrophilic colloid i. May 3, 2017 · Emulsions are stabilized using emulsifying agents which lower the interfacial tension between the phases. The key points are emulsions are thermodynamically unstable systems requiring emulsifying agents and mechanical energy to form and maintain. 2. • Viscosity modification –increase the viscosity of the medium, which helps to create and maintain the suspension of globules of the dispersed An emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable system consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases one of which is dispersed as globules in the other liquid phase stabilized by a third substance called emulsifying agent. Emulsifying agents derived from synthetic materials are: Inorganic emulsifying agents: Milk of magnesia; Cationic emulsifying agents: Benzalkonium Chloride; Anionic emulsifying agents: Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) Oct 24, 2023 · Emulsions are dispersions of one liquid in another immiscible liquid and are stabilized by an emulsifying agent. Nov 9, 2014 · The key topics covered include the classification of emulsions as oil-in-water or water-in-oil, theories of emulsification, common emulsifying agents like surfactants and hydrocolloids, and factors affecting the stability of emulsions such as flocculation and creaming. 4. Alkyl sulphate surfactants: are the esters of fatty alcohols and sulphuric acids. Amine surfactants: triethanolamine oleate surfactant is preferentially used for pharmaceutical applications. The formation of an o/w or a w/o emulsion depends on the degree of solubility of the agent in the two phases, with water-soluble agents Apr 29, 2023 · To create a successful emulsion, you need three crucial elements: the two immiscible liquids, an emulsifying agent, and mechanical force. These are surface active agents that are added to the emulsions to stabilize the two phases. Advantages (of its being used as an emulsifying agent): It is used in preparing most of O/W type of emulsions. Aug 8, 2023 · Erythrosine tartrazine etc. Aug 26, 2017 · 8. They are effective at high concentrations, and promote the formation of o/w type emulsion owing to their hydrophobicity. Prevention of coalescence and reducing creaming). How does a cleaning Agent clean? A cleaning agent cleans by the following methods: Holding the dirt and carrying it away, as a rinsing process Reacting with dirt, breaking it down, holding it in suspension and carrying it away Dissolving the grease or other substances, which fix the dirt (e. Hydration Theory of Emulsions: Fischer and Hooker state that hydrated colloids make the best emulsifiers. 1) CRACKING – Separation of two phase due to the following reasons : by adding an emulsifying agent of opposite type (monovalent metals soap - o/w & divalent metal soap - w/o) by addition of common solvents (addition of alcohol in turpentine emulsion) by creaming & change in temperature 2) CREAMING – Upward movement of dispersed globules to form a thick layer at the surface of the emulsion. Thus, the ability of a drug to interact with the constituents of this skin layer dictates the degree to which it can penetrate. The ability of a Jul 29, 2012 · Types of additives Additives may be: • natural – found naturally, such as extracts from beetroot juice , used as a colouring agent; • manmade versions – synthetic identical copies of substances found naturally, such as benzoic acid (E210), used as a preservative; • artificial – produced synthetically and not found naturally, used as Sep 22, 2013 · 10. The typical values of various surface-active agents and their functions are listed in Table Jan 17, 2021 · Emulsions require an emulsifying agent to help disperse one liquid into small globules within the other liquid and maintain stability. Food emulsions: • A food emulsion is basically a two-phase system consisting of a liquid, such as oil, wax or essential oil and water. Feb 28, 2012 · 17. It is used to prepared the enemas F. HLB value – Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance HLB = Hydrophilic portion/Lipophilic portion = 0 ~ 40 Paraffin ~ 0, sodium dodecyl sulfate ~ 40 HLB value < 10 lipophilic HLB value >10 Aug 25, 2022 · 8. Hence it become necessary to used two or more than two emulsifying agents instead of one to prepare stable emulsion. This repulsive force causes them to remain suspended in the dispersion medium. Mechanical force, such as whisking or blending, is then applied to Jan 22, 2015 · The document defines an emulsion as a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible. Plastic or Interfacial filmtheory The plastic or interfacial film theory places the emulsifying agent at the interface between the oil and water, surrounding the droplets of the internal phase as a thin layer of film adsorbed on the surface of the drops. - 2)Natural emulsifying agents from animal sources: A. 11. Methods for preparing emulsions like the continental, English, and bottle methods are outlined. eg. Emulsifying agents can be classed into three groups: 1. Aug 18, 2014 · 53. Mar 19, 2024 · Emulsifying agents are used to stabilize the emulsion . Apr 12, 2014 · 6. 14 Surface active agents Reduce the interfacial tension Form coherent monolayer Provide surface charge which cause repulsion between adjust particles Film formed should be flexible and capable of reforming rapidly if broken or disturbed Monomolecular adsorption theory Combinations of emulsifiers are preferred over single emulsifier. An emulsifier is an agent which allows two liquids to mix to form an emulsion. Aug 20, 2018 · 8. Workover fluids and drilling muds are also sources of emulsifying Apr 29, 2016 · An emulsion is an unstable mixture of two immiscible liquids stabilized by an emulsifying agent. Tests can identify the emulsion type based on conductivity, dye interaction, or stability on dilution. May 10, 2015 · emulsion - Download as a PDF or view online for free. They are chemical compounds that promote formation and/or stabilization of emulsions by their effect on interfacial tension. They are prepared using techniques like solvent evaporation or double emulsification and provide a novel carrier system for drugs, cosmetics, and other See full list on edu. They help in lowering the sedimentation rate of particles in suspension. it is very difficult to select a proper emulsifying agent for the development of a stable emulsion. It is called the Hydrophilic Lipophilic balance or HLB method. Apr 25, 2023 · Acts as a bodying agent, co-emulsifying agent, emulsifying agent (o/w), emulsion stabilizing agent and viscosity stabilizer. The washing up liquid (soap) molecules arrange themselves so the oil and water can mix. HLB value – Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance HLB = Hydrophilic portion/Lipophilic portion = 0 ~ 40 Paraffin ~ 0, sodium dodecyl sulfate ~ 40 HLB value < 10 lipophilic HLB value >10 May 14, 2020 · Classification of emulsions in accordance to the type of emulsifying agents used in the preparation of an emulsion 1. . There are two main types of emulsions: oil-in-water (O/W) and water-in-oil (W/O). 3-exposure to increased or reduced temperature 4-addition of common solvent. Wool fat: Use in external preparations. Examples include lotion and spray sunscreens, which use emulsifiers like lecithin or sorbitan oleate. Jul 2, 2021 · Types of Chemical Incompatibilities • Based on method of rectification. Types of Emulsifying Agents 1) Synthetic emulsifying agents: • Superior to natural ones because they are not susceptible to decomposition by micro-organisms • The ratio of hydrophilic and lipophilic groups in the molecule may be altered, which is advantageous for externally applied emulsions • Only a limited number of synthetic agents are safe for internal use. It may be due to following reasons:- a)By the addition of an electrolyte. A system was developed to assist in making systemic decisions about the amounts and types of surfactants needed in stable products. substances that spontaneously form colloidal dispersions with water because of an affinity between the dispersed particles and the dispersion medium. Aug 20, 2019 · 3. May 16, 2021 · Emulsifying agents The emulsifying agent reduce the interfacial tension between two phase and oily phase and water make them miscible with each other and forma stable emulsion. Jan 16, 2024 · 31. Most widely used surfactants are sodium lauryl sulphate(SLS). org Oct 25, 2023 · Two types of Soaps developed by this Methods Calcium Soaps Soft Soaps Procedure: 1) Calcium Soaps: W/O type Emulsions. Emulsion containing natural gum e. Sodium lauryl sulfate is used in the preparation of hydrophilic ointment. Mar 2, 2020 · Mechanism of emulsification: • Emulsifying agents are employed to reduce the interfacial tension. Griffin devised a useful method for calculating balanced mixture of emulsifying agent to provide a Particular type of emulsion. These have one hydrophilic and one lipophilic part. 25 to 25µm Particle size of suspended solid is in the range Emulsifying agents are also called emulsifiers and present in the food like butter, mayonnaise and salad dressing. They form oil in water emulsion. Emulsions have various pharmaceutical applications including oral and topical drug delivery. Produces O/W type of emulsion as Sep 25, 2023 · 11. Emulsions are used to deliver poorly water-soluble drugs and provide benefits like masking unpleasant tastes, sustained release, and dermal delivery in cosmetics and Feb 17, 2024 · An emulsion is a type of dispersion in which a liquid phase composed of small droplets or globules (i. g:- gum acacia, tragacanth 2. Tolerated incompatibility: - In this type of incompatibility, the chemical reaction can be minimized by way of applying suitable order of mixing or any modification in the process without any alteration in the active ingredients of the prescription. But bentonite used either O/W or W/O type of emulsion. Polysorbate 80 5. Nov 24, 2019 · One gram of cod liver oil contains 85 units of vitamin D & 600 units of Vitamin A. Abd Karim Alias, 2013© EMULSIFIERS! Functions of Emulsifiers } To promote emulsion stability, stabilize aerated systems, and control agglomeration of fat globules; } To modify texture, shelf life, and rheological properties by complexing with starch and protein components; } To improve the texture of fat-based foods by controlling the polymorphism of fats Sep 27, 2019 · 3. Read less Aug 8, 2014 · Emulsifying agent and HLB value HLB method which was advanced by Griffin in 1949, is the most frequently used method in the selection of emulsifying agents. Waxy Maize – is handledWaxy Maize – is handled like cornstarch and used forlike cornstarch and used for sauces Mar 12, 2023 · Emulsifying agents (also called emulsifiers or emulgents) are substances comprising both oil-soluble hydrophobic (nonpolar) and water-soluble hydrophilic (polar) portions that act as a stabilizer of the droplets (globules) of the internal phase of an emulsion, by inhibiting flocculation, creaming, and coalescence (breaking, cracking). Surface active agents are utilized in emulsions to stabilize the two phases. Apr 17, 2019 · Emulsifying agents like surfactants, hydrocolloids, and solid particles form protective films around droplets and increase viscosity to prevent coalescence. Aug 17, 2018 · Brancrofts Rule: States that though emulsifying agent has affinity towards polar and non-polar liquids, they have preferential solubility in one of the liquid which becomes continuous phase. The following three emulsifying ointments are used as water-miscible bases: Sep 19, 2016 · Classification Of Emulsifying Agents: Emulsifying agents can be classified according to 1) Chemical nature: Ø Synthetic Emulsifying Agents Ø Natural Emulsifying Agents Ø Finely Dispersed Solids Ø Other emulsifying Agents 2) Mechanism of action: ü Monomolecular ü Multi-molecular ü Solid particle films. 6) Emulsifying Agent:-Emulsifying agents/emulsifiers/emulgent reduces the interfacial tension between oil and water (oily and aqueous phase), thus make them miscible with each other and form a stable emulsion. High softening point grades are advantageous for tropical and sub-tropical formulations. 25 Apr 17, 2019 · Emulsifying agents like surfactants, hydrocolloids, and solid particles form protective films around droplets and increase viscosity to prevent coalescence. Sep 1, 2019 · • Repulsion theory –the emulsifying agent creates a film over one phase that forms globules, which repel each other. Mechanisms of emulsion breakdown: Two types of instabilities: 1. Griffin was a scientist who discovered one method for calculating balanced mixture of emulsifying agent to produce particular type Jan 31, 2017 · Inorganic Emulsifying Agents:- • Various inorganic emulsifying agents are used such as milk of magnesia, magnesium oxide, bentonite etc. 5. This article will be your ultimate guide to theories of emulsification as well as theories of emulsification questions and answers. 5. Therefore, emulsions are usually stabilized by an emulsifying agent, a substance that inhibits the coalescence of the dispersed liquid. In the second method, the emulsifying agent is added to the water (in which it is soluble) to form a mucilage, and then the oil is slowly incorporated to form the emulsion, that is, wet gum. An emulsion is a thermodynamically unstable system consisting of at least two immiscible liquid phases one of which is dispersed as globules in the other liquid phase stabilized by a third substance called emulsifying agent. There are three types of films formed by emulsifying agents Monomolecular films: Emulsifying agents with stabilizing action form monolayer at the oil-water interface. , Oleic acid + lime water. Multiple emulsifying agents can be combined to reach the desired HLB. of the emulsifying agents are : 1. Common emulsifying agents include carbohydrates, proteins, and alcohols. Emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids, either oil in water or water in oil, and require an emulsifying agent to stabilize the mixture. 5 Emulsifying Agent. 22. Feb 7, 2019 · The two phases of emulsion tend to separate with time to reduce the interfacial area, and subsequently, the emulsion is stabilized by emulsifying agents. b)By changing the phase volume ratio. Emulsion stability Emulsions are neither homogeneous nor thermodynamically stable, over time they will show some tendency to separate on standing to produce the minimum possible surface area of contact b/w phases. A imparts better stability Ionic type of E. Fischer and Hooker have found albumin, casein, and gelatin to be good Dec 29, 2023 · Emulsions require an emulsifying agent to help disperse one liquid into small globules within the other liquid and maintain stability. 19 Types of emulsifying agents: Natural emulsifying agents from vegetable sources – These consist of agents which are carbohydrates and include gums and mucilaginous substances. Provides good electrolyte stability for both hair and skin conditioning emulsions. the relative amount of oil and water. Sustaining or controlling the drug release by using controlled release polymers. • The ideal emulsifying agent is colourless, odourless, tasteless, nontoxic, non-irritant and able to produce stable emulsions at Apr 27, 2015 · Factors affecting the type of emulsion: Type of emulsion produced (o/w or w/o) depends upon following factors : Type of emulsifying agent : Type of emulsion is a function of relative solubility of emulsifying agent . The HLB system • Generally ,each emulsifying agent has a hydrophilic portion and a lipophilic portion • A method has been devised whereby emulsifying or surface-active agents are categorized on the basis of their chemical makeup as to their hydrophil-lipophil balance, or HLB • By this method, each agent is assigned an HLB value or number indicating the substance’s polarity Nov 6, 2019 · When selecting an emulsifying agent, it should be considered what the HLB value of the dispersed phase is, and the HLB of the emulsifying agent should be as close as possible to it. Common pharmaceutical emulsions include O/W, W/O, O/W/O and W/O/O, which are identified using various methods and prepared using emulsifying agents. All pharmaceutical emulsions require inclusion of emulsier, to ensure the stability of emulsions. Emulsifying agents are also known as emulgents or emulsifiers. May 2, 2024 · 8. Aug 8, 2014 · Emulsifying agent and HLB value HLB method which was advanced by Griffin in 1949, is the most frequently used method in the selection of emulsifying agents. Emulsifying agents are also known as emulgents or emulsifier No. In order to form an emulsion, the emulsifying agent must be present. Every emulsifying agent is given a number on HLB scale, which is divided into 18 units. e, oil phase and aqueous phase and then make them miscible with each other and form stable emulsion . A not preferred for internal use as they interact with biomembranes and effect cell functioning Jul 24, 2015 · 6. E. Since these substances are of variable chemical composition, these exhibit considerable variation in emulsifying properties. HallStar® GMS SE (Flakes) GLYCERYL STEARATE SE Natural emulsifying agents are derived from plant and animal tissues and mostly in the form of hydrated lypophilic colloids. Applications: 1. Lipsticks and lip glosses; Emulsifiers ensure a smooth, uniform application of color and shine. In addition to this protective barrier, emulsifiers Mar 5, 2024 · 2. • They produce O/W type of emulsions. Stable emulsion is formed when two immiscible liquids are held stable by a third substance. 6. 13. The ability of emulsion to resist change in its physiochemical properties with time is called emulsion stability. The type of emulsier selection is Dec 14, 2014 · A stable emulsion is formed when two immiscible liquids are held stable by a third substance, called an emulsifying agent. They are oil in water emulsifying agents. Dec 12, 2019 · 2. Innovation in pharmaceutical excipients: In general, there are three types of new excipients and the development process of these varies significantly: Modified Excipients: Well known excipients with established quality standards can be modified with regard to their Sep 7, 2015 · The document then covers topics such as interfacial phenomenon, wetting, adsorption, surface active agents, micellar solubilization, and the use of these concepts in pharmacy. rsc. 8. The terms emulsifier, emulsifying agent, surfactant, and surface-active agent are synonymous and used interchangeably. The washing up liquid molecules each have a hydrophilic (water-loving) head and a hydrophobic (water-hating) tail. Starch- It is rarely used because it produces very thick & coarse emulsion. The type of emulsion (e. Jun 30, 2020 · EMULSIFICATION PURPOSES: • Many cosmetics are emulsions in which surfactants have been used as the emulsifying agents. Anionic Emulsifying Agents… Aug 27, 2020 · EMULSIFYING AGENTS Selection criteria of emulsifying agents They are selected on the basis of required “shelf life” stability, the type of emulsion desired, and emulsifier cost 13 14. • Three types of surfactants usually used as emulsifying agents: anionic, cationic and non anionic. Feb 18, 2011 · A stable emulsion is formed when two immiscible liquids are held stable by a third substance, called an emulsifying agent. Dry gum method: In this method, acacia is used as emulsifying agent. The emulsion stability related to the type and amount of surfactants. Sep 26, 2019 · Often, the combination of emulsifying agents with other stabilizing ingredients, such as rheology modifiers, may be required in order to improve the kinetic stability of the system. The May 24, 2021 · 9. Dec 23, 2014 · This document discusses specialized pharmaceutical emulsions. Selection of Emulsifying agents (emulsifiers): An emulsifying agent is any material that enhances the stability of an emulsion (i. HLB METHOD Griffin devised a useful method for calculating balanced mixtures of emulsifying agents to provide a particular type of emulsion. The formation of films increase the stability of May 31, 2023 · The emulsifying agents reduce the interfacial tension between two phases i. non greasy and easily removable from the skin. Emulsion Paint : These are the superior quality of paint formed by mixing oil/water and an emulsifying agent to prevent the combination separating.
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